Chapter 1: Matter and Energy: The Origin of the Universe

MULTIPLE CHOICE

	1.	Which one of the following is a mixture?
a.	an aqueous solution of sugar	d.	copper metal	
b.	pure water	e.	table salt (sodium chloride)	
c.	nitrogen gas	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	2.	A pure substance ________
a.	can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means.	
b.	can have a composition that varies from sample to sample.	
c.	must be an element.	
d.	has different chemical and physical properties depending on its source.	
e.	must be a compound.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	3.	An element ________
a.	can be separated into its components by physical methods.	
b.	may have different chemical properties depending on its source.	
c.	cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical methods.	
d.	can also be a compound.	
e.	exists only as an atom and not as a molecule.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	4.	Which of the following is not a pure substance?
a.	air	d.	argon gas	
b.	nitrogen gas	e.	table salt (sodium chloride)	
c.	oxygen gas	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	5.	Which of the following is a pure substance?
a.	mineral water	d.	sucrose (table sugar)	
b.	blood	e.	beer	
c.	brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	6.	Which of the following is an element?
a.	Cl2	d.	MgO	
b.	H2O	e.	HCl	
c.	NaCl	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	7.	Which of the following depicts a heterogeneous mixture?
a.		
b.		
c.		
d.		
e.	None of the above are heterogeneous mixtures.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	8.	Which of the following is not a homogeneous mixture?
a.	vinegar	d.	antifreeze	
b.	Italian salad dressing	e.	ketchup	
c.	a can of soda	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	9.	Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
a.	air	d.	brass (an alloy of copper and zinc)	
b.	sugar dissolved in water	e.	table salt (sodium chloride)	
c.	muddy river water	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	10.	Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a.	Sodium and chlorine are elements.	
b.	Sodium chloride (table salt) is a compound.	
c.	Sodium chloride is a pure substance.	
d.	Sodium chloride is a heterogeneous mixture.	
e.	Sodium chloride added to water forms a solution.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	11.	A heterogeneous mixture ________
a.	can only be separated into its components by chemical methods.	
b.	involves substances solely in the gas phase.	
c.	has non-uniform sample composition.	
d.	exclusively refers to substances in the same phase.	
e.	is also called a solution.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	12.	Orange juice with pulp is an example of ________
a.	a pure substance.	d.	an element.	
b.	a heterogeneous mixture.	e.	a homogeneous mixture.	
c.	a compound.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	13.	Which one of the following is not a correct statement?
a.	Vodka is a solution.	
b.	Water (H2O) is a compound.	
c.	Sodium chloride (table salt) is a compound.	
d.	Silver is an element.	
e.	Sugar dissolved in water is a heterogeneous mixture.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	14.	Which one of the following is not classified correctly?
a.	Distilled water is a compound.	
b.	Gold is an element.	
c.	Air is a solution.	
d.	Table salt (sodium chloride) is a mixture.	
e.	Salad dressing is a suspension.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	15.	Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a.	Helium is an element.	
b.	Table salt (sodium chloride) is a compound.	
c.	Water is a pure substance.	
d.	Air is a solution.	
e.	Elements occur only in the form of individual atoms.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	16.	Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a.	A compound has a specific constant composition.	
b.	The composition of a mixture can vary.	
c.	A compound has specific constant properties.	
d.	The properties of a mixture can vary.	
e.	Mixtures can not be homogeneous.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	17.	Identify the incorrect statement(s). A solution ________
  I. can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
 II. can be heterogeneous or homogeneous.
III. is a homogeneous mixture.
a.	Only I is incorrect.	d.	Both I and II are incorrect.	
b.	Only II is incorrect.	e.	Both I and III are incorrect.	
c.	Only III is incorrect.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	18.	Identify the incorrect statement(s). A pure substance can be ________
  I. an element or a compound.
 II. heterogeneous or homogeneous.
III. a solution.
a.	Only I is incorrect.	d.	Both I and II are incorrect.	
b.	Only II is incorrect.	e.	Both II and III are incorrect.	
c.	Only III is incorrect.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	19.	Table sugar (sucrose) with the formula C12H22O11 is ________
  I. an element.
 II. a compound.
III. a mixture.
a.	Only I	d.	Both I and III	
b.	Only II	e.	Both II and III	
c.	Only III	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	20.	Which one of the following is not a chemical reaction?
a.	dynamite exploding	d.	water turning to steam	
b.	iron rusting	e.	eggs cooking	
c.	wood burning	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Distinguish between a physical process and a chemical reaction: define, give examples of, and recognize each.	MSC:	Understanding		

	21.	Which one of the following statements is not correct?
a.	Dry ice subliming is a physical change.	
b.	Methanol burning is a chemical reaction.	
c.	Sugar dissolving in water is a physical change.	
d.	Bleaching your hair is a chemical change (reaction), even though it changes your physical appearance.	
e.	Liquid water turning into steam is a chemical reaction.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Distinguish between a physical process and a chemical reaction: define, give examples of, and recognize each.	MSC:	Understanding		

	22.	Which one of the following is not a physical process or change?
a.	natural gas burning	d.	iodine vaporizing	
b.	water boiling	e.	alcohol evaporating	
c.	ice melting	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Distinguish between a physical process and a chemical reaction: define, give examples of, and recognize each.	MSC:	Understanding		

	23.	Which of the following processes is a chemical reaction?
a.	distillation	d.	condensation	
b.	combustion	e.	sublimation	
c.	filtration	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Distinguish between a physical process and a chemical reaction: define, give examples of, and recognize each.	MSC:	Understanding		

	24.	The law of constant composition states that ________
a.	compounds such as NO2 and SO2 have identical chemical properties.	
b.	the elements forming a particular compound always combine in the same proportions.	
c.	nitrogen and oxygen can combine to form NO or NO2.	
d.	compounds such as NO and NO2 have identical chemical properties.	
e.	only one compound can be produced when two elements combine.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe how a compound is an example of the law of constant composition.
MSC:	Remembering		

	25.	Atoms are to molecules as ________
a.	a country to a state or province.	d.	a washer is to a dryer.	
b.	soda is to orange juice.	e.	letters are to words.	
c.	cars are to trucks.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe different forms of matter: distinguish between pure substances, solutions, heterogeneous mixtures, elements, and compounds.	MSC:	Understanding

	26.	The following representation of ammonia is a ________
                              
a.	space-filling model.	d.	ball-and-stick model.	
b.	structural formula.	e.	Newman projection.	
c.	chemical formula.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe the information provided by chemical formula, structural formula, ball-and-stick models, and space-filling models.	MSC:	Remembering		

	27.	Molecules are represented in various ways. Which statement A–D about molecular representations is not correct.
a.	A molecular or chemical formula identifies the elements and the number of atoms of each that comprise a molecule of a compound.	
b.	A structural formula shows how the atoms are bonded together but does not necessarily indicate the bond angles or three-dimensional shape of the molecule.	
c.	A ball-and-stick model shows bond angles and the three-dimensional shape of a molecule.	
d.	A space-filling model best represents the size of the atoms and distribution of electrons in a molecule.	
e.	Statements A–D all are correct.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe the information provided by chemical formula, structural formula, ball-and-stick models, and space-filling models.	MSC:	Remembering		

	28.	Which statement A–D about the reaction of methane with oxygen, which is called combustion and is represented by the reaction equation below, is not correct? The reaction products are carbon dioxide and water.
                                                 CH4  2O2  CO2  2H2O
a.	One molecule of methane combines with two molecules of oxygen.	
b.	The products are one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water.	
c.	The equation is balanced because the number of atoms of each element does not change.	
d.	Four atoms of hydrogen combine with four atoms of oxygen to produce water.	
e.	Statements A–D all are correct.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe what occurs in a chemical reaction and the information provided by a chemical reaction equation.	MSC:	Understanding		

	29.	Which statement A–D about the reaction of nitrogen monoxide with oxygen, which is called combustion and is represented below by the following cartoon, is not correct? The reaction product is nitrogen dioxide.

a.	Two molecules of nitrogen monoxide combine with one molecule of oxygen.	
b.	Two atoms of nitrogen combine with four atoms of oxygen to produce two molecules of nitrogen dioxide.	
c.	The equation is balanced because the number of atoms of each element does not change.	
d.	The products are two molecules of nitrogen dioxide and released energy.	
e.	Statements A–D all are correct.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.2	
OBJ:	Describe what occurs in a chemical reaction and the information provided by a balanced chemical reaction.	MSC:	Understanding		

	30.	Filtration can be used to separate components in a mixture based on differences in ________
a.	solubility.	d.	particle size.	
b.	boiling point.	e.	color.	
c.	melting point.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.3	
OBJ:	Describe the process of filtration.	MSC:	Remembering		

	31.	Which technique would allow separation of the following substances? 
                            
a.	distillation	d.	recrystallization	
b.	extraction	e.	chromatography	
c.	filtration	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.3	
OBJ:	Identify when filtration and distillation can be used.	MSC:	Remembering

	32.	A significant difference in boiling points of two liquids could provide the basis for separation by what physical method?
a.	distillation	d.	recrystalization	
b.	extraction	e.	chromatography	
c.	filtration	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.3	
OBJ:	Identify when filtration and distillation can be used.	MSC:	Remembering

	33.	Which of the following mixtures can be separated by filtration?
a.	sugar dissolved in coffee	d.	alcohol dissolved in water	
b.	sand and water	e.	air	
c.	gasoline	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.3	
OBJ:	Identify when filtration and distillation can be used.	MSC:	Understanding

	34.	Which of the following represents a chemical property of copper metal?
a.	Copper metal conducts heat.	
b.	Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to produce copper(II) nitrate.	
c.	Copper metal melts at 1085C.	
d.	Copper metal conducts electricity.	
e.	Copper metal has an orange color.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Distinguish between physical and chemical properties: define and give examples of each.
MSC:	Understanding		

	35.	An example of a chemical property of formaldehyde (CH2O) is ________
a.	it is flammable.	d.	it dissolves in water.	
b.	it has a density of 1.09 g/mL.	e.	it is a gas at room temperature.	
c.	it is colorless.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Distinguish between physical and chemical properties: define and give examples of each.
MSC:	Understanding		

	36.	Which one of the following is not a physical property?
a.	flammability	d.	density	
b.	electrical conductivity	e.	boiling point	
c.	color	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Distinguish between physical and chemical properties: define and give examples of each.
MSC:	Understanding		

	37.	Which of the following does not represent a physical property of caffeine?
a.	Caffeine melts at 238C.	
b.	Caffeine dissolves in water.	
c.	Caffeine has a density of 1.23 g/mL.	
d.	In the body, caffeine reacts with adenosine receptors in the central nervous system.	
e.	Caffeine is a white powder.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Distinguish between physical and chemical properties: define and give examples of each.
MSC:	Understanding		

	38.	Which of the following is not a chemical property of chlorine?
a.	reduction by water to form HCl and dioxygen	
b.	decomposition to yield two chlorine radicals upon heating	
c.	freezing at 102C	
d.	reaction with methane produces chloromethane	
e.	conversion to sodium chloride by addition of sodium metal	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Distinguish between physical and chemical properties: define and give examples of each.
MSC:	Understanding		

	39.	A metal object that has a density of 5.2 g/cm3 occupies a volume of 3.7 cm3. What is the mass of the object?
a.	1.4 g	d.	8.9 g	
b.	19 g	e.	3.7 g	
c.	0.71 g	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	40.	The density of iron is 7.9 g/cm3. What is the volume of a 4.5 kg iron block?
a.	570 cm3	d.	35.6 cm3	
b.	0.570 cm3	e.	1.76 cm3	
c.	3.56  104 cm3	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	41.	If you had equal masses of each of the following substances, which would occupy the greatest volume?
a.	ice (d  0.917 g/mL)	d.	cocoa butter (d  0.910 g/mL)	
b.	water (d  0.997 g/mL)	e.	aluminum (d  2.70 g/mL)	
c.	beeswax (d  0.960 g/mL)	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Understanding		

	42.	Three metals, and their densities, are shown below. If each were added to the same volume of water (density  1.00 cm3), which metal(s) would sink?

a.	1 only	d.	1 and 2 only	
b.	2 only	e.	1 and 3 only	
c.	3 only	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Understanding		

	43.	Jupiter’s mass is estimated to be 1.90  1027 kg, and it has a diameter of 142,984 km. Assuming that Jupiter is spherical, estimate its density (the volume of a sphere is (4r3) /3).
a.	0.620 g/cm3	d.	0.00124 g/cm3	
b.	1.61 g/cm3	e.	1240 g/cm3	
c.	1.24 g/cm3	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	44.	In the movie The Italian Job, thieves steal gold bullion. One plan is to carry the ingots of gold off in suitcases. If each suitcase were 19 inches  14 inches  10 inches, approximately how much would each suitcase weigh when filled with gold? The volume of each suitcase is 4.4  104 mL, the molar mass of gold is 197 g/mol, and the density of gold is 19.3 g/mL.
a.	2,300 g	d.	167 mg	
b.	850 kg	e.	550 kg	
c.	4,300 g	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define density and use density correctly in analysis and calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	45.	________ is an example of an extensive property.
a.	Density	d.	Volume	
b.	Boiling point	e.	Malleability	
c.	Color	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define, give examples of, and distinguish between intensive and extensive properties.
MSC:	Understanding		

	46.	Which represents an intensive property?
a.	Hydrogen gas has mass.	
b.	Hydrogen gas has a given density.	
c.	A balloon filled with hydrogen gas has a given volume.	
d.	Hydrogen releases a given amount of energy when it reacts with oxygen.	
e.	Hydrogen gas in a steel tank exerts a given pressure.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define, give examples of, and distinguish between intensive and extensive properties.
MSC:	Understanding		

	47.	Extensive properties are ________
a.	physical properties and not chemical properties.	
b.	identical for all substances.	
c.	independent of the volume of substance present.	
d.	dependent on the amount of substance.	
e.	dependent on factors external to the substance itself.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.5	
OBJ:	Define, give examples of, and distinguish between intensive and extensive properties.
MSC:	Understanding		

	48.	Which of the following statements correctly describes the properties of a liquid?
a.	A liquid does not have a definite shape.	
b.	A liquid occupies the entire volume of its container.	
c.	A liquid is highly compressible.	
d.	A liquid contains molecules that are separated from one another by large distances.	
e.	A liquid is highly ordered, such that molecules remain rigidly in place.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish between the three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering		

	49.	A solid directly forming a vapor or gas is called ________
a.	sublimation.	d.	freezing.	
b.	deposition.	e.	vaporization.	
c.	melting.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	50.	A vapor or gas forming a solid is called ________
a.	sublimation.	d.	freezing.	
b.	deposition.	e.	vaporization.	
c.	melting.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	51.	A solid forming a liquid is called ________
a.	sublimation.	d.	freezing.	
b.	deposition.	e.	vaporization.	
c.	melting.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	52.	Which diagram depicts the process of sublimation (an asterisk denotes the initial phase of the substance)?
a.		d.		
b.		e.		
c.		

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	53.	Which diagram shown below represents condensation (an asterisk denotes the initial phase of the substance)?
a.		d.		
b.		e.		
c.		

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	54.	A gas forming a liquid is called ________
a.	condensation.	d.	freezing.	
b.	deposition.	e.	vaporization.	
c.	melting.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	55.	What change of state is represented by the following diagram?

a.	freezing	d.	condensation	
b.	sublimation	e.	melting	
c.	vaporization	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	56.	What change of state is represented by the following diagram?

a.	freezing	d.	condensation	
b.	sublimation	e.	melting	
c.	deposition	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	57.	When you place a piece of dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) on a plate at room temperature, you notice that no liquid forms, unlike ice that melts to form liquid water. This is because dry ice ________
a.	as a liquid quickly evaporates.	
b.	undergoes deposition instead of melting.	
c.	sublimes instead of melting.	
d.	does not exist in the liquid form at room temperature and pressure.	
e.	contains no water.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Understanding

	58.	Deposition is the process in which a ________ is converted into a ________.
a.	liquid; solid	d.	liquid; gas	
b.	gas; liquid	e.	solid; liquid	
c.	gas; solid	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	59.	During winter in Siberia, a tenant in a high-rise apartment building dumped a liter of steam (gaseous water) from a container off his balcony. Before it reached the ground, solid snow formed without observation of liquid water. The phase transition described by this process is called ________
a.	melting.	d.	freezing.	
b.	condensation.	e.	sublimation.	
c.	deposition.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.6	
OBJ:	Describe and distinguish transitions (sublimation and deposition, melting and freezing, vaporization and condensation) between the three states of matter at the macroscopic and atomic levels.	MSC:	Remembering

	60.	A hypothesis is ________
a.	an explanation that cannot be validated.	
b.	a scientific theory used to explain observations.	
c.	an explanation of observed processes that needs to be tested.	
d.	the entire process through which scientific phenomena are explained.	
e.	one side of a right triangle.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.7	
OBJ:	Define, give examples of, and distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory.
MSC:	Remembering		

	61.	John Dalton postulated that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms. For this proposition to be considered a valid scientific theory, ________
a.	it must be supported by experimental evidence and testing.	
b.	it must be impossible to prove wrong by experiment.	
c.	all possible experiments must never find an exception to it.	
d.	some, but only a few, experiments may find exceptions to it.	
e.	it must be voted on by the scientific community and accepted by all.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.7	
OBJ:	Define, give examples of, and distinguish between a hypothesis and a scientific theory.
MSC:	Remembering		

	62.	Which of the following is the SI base unit for mass?
a.	g	d.	lb	
b.	kg	e.	m	
c.	mg	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Name the SI units, their abbreviations, and the relevant quantities.	
MSC:	Remembering		

	63.	Which of the following is a base SI unit?
a.	g	d.	s	
b.	mmol	e.	cm	
c.	C	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Name the SI units, their abbreviations, and the relevant quantities.	
MSC:	Remembering		

	64.	Which of the following length measurements is the shortest?
a.	a 1.1 cm button	d.	a 1.1  10-4 km diameter coin	
b.	a 1.1  103 mm piece of string	e.	a 0.11 m piece of tape	
c.	a 1.1 mm long insect	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Understanding

	65.	Which of the following is the most massive?
a.	2.5 kg of oxygen gas	d.	250 g of helium gas	
b.	0.25 kg of iron	e.	250 mg of aluminum	
c.	2.5 g of sodium chloride (table salt)	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Understanding

	66.	The symbol and name corresponding to the factor 10-6 is ________
a.	f, femto.	d.	, micro.	
b.	p, pico.	e.	m, milli.	
c.	n, nano.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Remembering

	67.	The prefix nano corresponds to a factor of ________
a.	109.	d.	10-6.	
b.	103.	e.	10-9.	
c.	10-3.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Remembering

	68.	Medicines usually are dispensed in units of mg. What is the mass of a 50 mg tablet?
a.	50 grams	d.	0.050 grams	
b.	5.0 grams	e.	0.0050 grams	
c.	0.50 grams	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Applying

	69.	How many 100 mg tablets can be produced from 100 kg of a pharmaceutical product?
a.	1,000	d.	1,000,000	
b.	10,000	e.	10,000,000	
c.	100,000	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use prefixes with SI base units.		MSC:	Applying

	70.	The diameter of the sun is 1,390,000 km. In scientific notation this is ________
a.	1.39  10-6 km.	d.	1.39  103 km.	
b.	1.39  10-3 km.	e.	1.39  108 m.	
c.	1.39  106 km.	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use exponential notation with SI units.	MSC:	Applying

	71.	Electromagnetic radiation in the mid-infrared region of the spectrum has wavelengths around            0.6 m m. Express this wavelength in meters using exponential notation (1  m  10-6 m).
a.	1.06  10-6 m	d.	1.06  107 m	
b.	1.06  10-5 m	e.	1.06  105 m	
c.	1.06 m	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.8	
OBJ:	Correctly use exponential notation with SI units.	MSC:	Applying

	72.	Which of the following quantities has two significant figures?
a.	0.4	d.	0.0092	
b.	101	e.	0.520	
c.	1.10  103	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement.	
MSC:	Applying

	73.	Given the following figure, which of the measurements listed is the best estimate of the length of the aluminum rod?

a.	1.8 cm	d.	1.9 cm	
b.	1.81 cm	e.	2 cm	
c.	1.810 cm	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement.	
MSC:	Applying

	74.	The number 3.42  103 converted from scientific notation would be written as ________ and contain ________ significant figures.
a.	0.00342; three	d.	3420; three	
b.	0.00342; five	e.	3420; four	
c.	3.42; three	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement.	
MSC:	Applying

	75.	The measurement 54.40 m contains ________ significant figure(s).
a.	one	d.	four	
b.	two	e.	five	
c.	three	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify the number of significant figures in a measurement.	
MSC:	Applying

	76.	You are a technician in an analytical laboratory and are asked to determine from its density whether an antique coin might be gold. You weigh the coin and find that its mass is 84.6419 g. When you place the coin in a graduated cylinder containing 105.53 mL of water, the water level rises to 114.64 mL. Calculate the density of the coin from your measurements, and determine how many significant figures should be included in the reported result. Which one of the following numbers will you put in your report for the density of the coin?
a.	9.29 g/mL	d.	9.2911 g/mL	
b.	9.3 g/mL	e.	9.29109769 g/mL	
c.	0.73833 g/mL	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	77.	What would you report for the total mass of three samples weighing 106.2 g, 33.15 g, and 0.028 g?
a.	139 g	d.	139.38 g	
b.	139.3 g	e.	139.378 g	
c.	139.4 g	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	78.	If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?
                                           
a.	1	d.	4	
b.	2	e.	5	
c.	3	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	79.	If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?
                                                  
a.	1	d.	4	
b.	2	e.	5	
c.	3	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	80.	If the following operations are carried out, how many significant figures should be reported in the answer?
                                                 
a.	1	d.	4	
b.	2	e.	5	
c.	3	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	81.	If the following operations are carried out, how would the final answer be reported?
                                               
a.	195.19	d.	2.00  102	
b.	195.2	e.	195.5	
c.	195	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	82.	An irregularly shaped metal object with a mass of 25.43 g was placed in a graduated cylinder with water. The before and after volumes are shown below. What is the density of the metal?
 
a.	2.8 g/cm3	d.	0.344 g/cm3	
b.	2.906 g/cm3	e.	2.734 g/cm3	
c.	0.782 g/cm3	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	83.	A burette (shown below) was used to add dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to a solution containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH). If the burette initially was read as 0.00 mL, how much HCl has been delivered according to the reading in the figure?

a.	5.4 mL	d.	4.3 mL	
b.	5.40 mL	e.	4.30 mL	
c.	4.60 mL	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Express values obtained from measurement and calculation using the appropriate number of significant figures.	MSC:	Applying

	84.	Which statement A-D about accuracy and precision is not correct?
a.	Precision refers to the reproducibility of repeated measurements.	
b.	Accuracy refers to how close a measured value is to the true value.	
c.	It is possible for measurements to be precise but not accurate.	
d.	Accuracy is determined by comparison with some standard.	
e.	Statements A-D all are correct.	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Write definitions of precision and accuracy.		MSC:	Remembering

	85.	The following measurements of the mass of an aspirin tablet were made by different students in a lab. Which set is the most precise?
a.	1.513 g, 1.503 g, 1.522 g	d.	1.513 g, 1.517 g, 1.512 g	
b.	1.513 g, 1.511 g, 1.450 g	e.	1.513 g, 1.510 g, 1.523 g	
c.	1.513 g, 1.459 g, 1.533 g	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Applying

	86.	The concentration (in % by volume) of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) was determined in four samples of the same gasoline. What is the average value, and which measurement was the most accurate, compared to the average?
 Sample     % (v/v) MTBE 
1                     5.01
2                     4.95
3                     5.10
4                     5.15
a.	5.05, sample 1	d.	5.05, sample 4	
b.	5.05, sample 2	e.	5.0525, sample 3	
c.	5.05, sample 3	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Applying

	87.	Indicate which of the following common laboratory devices will deliver 25 mL of a solution with the greatest precision.
a.	a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask (without volume divisions)	
b.	a 50 mL beaker (with volume divisions every 10 mL)	
c.	a 50 mL graduated cylinder (with volume divisions every 2 mL)	
d.	a 25 mL Erlenmeyer flask (without volume divisions)	
e.	a 25 mL volumetric pipette (with a to-deliver error of 0.01 mL at 25C)	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Applying

	88.	As a summer intern at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, a student performed three measurements to determine the density of water at 25C to four significant figures. She obtained the following results. The known density of water at 25C to three significant figures is 0.958 g/mL.
   Trial             Density (g/mL)
1                        5.01
2                        4.95
3                        5.10
The measurements were ________
a.	sufficiently precise but not accurate.	
b.	sufficiently accurate but not precise.	
c.	both sufficiently precise and accurate.	
d.	neither sufficiently precise nor accurate.	
e.	not repeated an adequate number of times.	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Understanding		

	89.	Which of the following targets was used by a precise but inaccurate archer?
a.		d.		
b.		e.		
c.		

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Understanding		

	90.	The following measurements of the mass of an aspirin tablet were made by different students in a lab. Each set gives the results of three measurements followed by the average. Which set is the most precise? All values are in grams. The standard value reported by an analytical laboratory was 1.501 g.
a.	1.513, 1.503, 1.522  1.513	d.	1.513, 1.517, 1.512  1.514	
b.	1.513, 1.511, 1.450  1.491	e.	1.513, 1.510, 1.523  1.515	
c.	1.513, 1.459, 1.533  1.502	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.1	
OBJ:	Identify precision and accuracy in measurements and distinguish between them.
MSC:	Applying

	91.	The summit of Mt. Humphreys, the highest point in Arizona, is 12,600 ft. How many meters is this?
 (1 m  1.0936 yd, 1 yd  3 ft exactly)
a.	4,593 m	d.	41,338 m	
b.	3,841 m	e.	37,800 m	
c.	34,565 m	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Convert between units using conversion factors.	MSC:	Applying

	92.	Which one of the following is not equal to exactly one cubic meter (1 m3)?
a.	106 cm3	d.	106 mL	
b.	103 L	e.	100 dm3	
c.	109 mm3	

ANS:	E	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Convert between units using conversion factors.	MSC:	Applying

	93.	In 1 second, light can travel 2.998  108 m. How many inches does light travel in 1 femtosecond?
(1 fs  10-15 s, 1 inch  2.54 cm exactly)
a.	1180 in	d.	1.180  10-5 in	
b.	11.80 in	e.	1.180  10-7 in	
c.	1.180 in	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	94.	Cheetahs can run at speeds of up to 60 mi per hour. How many seconds does it take a cheetah to run 10 m at this speed? (1 mi  1.609 km)
a.	0.37 s	d.	18 s	
b.	0.10 s	e.	0.43 s	
c.	56 s	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	95.	Spanish mahogany has a density of 53 lb/ft3. Would you be able to lift a piece of mahogany that measured 10 in  12 in  14 in?
a.	No, it would weigh approximately 200 lb.	
b.	No, it would be too awkward.	
c.	Yes, it would weigh approximately 25 lb.	
d.	Yes, it would weigh approximately 50 lb.	
e.	Yes, it would weigh approximately 5 lb.	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	96.	In celebration of Mole Day, Turbo the snail competed in a race that was a mole (6.02  1023) of zeptometers long.  If zepto represents a factor of 10-21, how long was the race in meters?
a.	1.66  10-3 m	d.	6.02  102 m	
b.	1.66  10-4 m	e.	6.02  103 m	
c.	60.2 m	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Convert between units using conversion factors.	MSC:	Applying

	97.	To bake a cake, it requires 16 teaspoons of vegetable oil. How many fluid ounces is that?
(1 cup  48 teaspoons and 1 cup  8 fl oz)
a.	2.7 fl oz	d.	0.38 fl oz	
b.	96 fl oz	e.	24 fl oz	
c.	4.1  10-2 fl oz	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Convert between units using conversion factors.	MSC:	Applying

	98.	If an atom is 0.1 nm in diameter, how many atoms must be lined up to make a row 1 cm long?
a.	104	d.	1010	
b.	106	e.	1012	
c.	108	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	99.	Which of the following choices would correctly use conversion factors and units to convert a measurement in micrometers to kilometers?
a.		d.		
b.		e.		
c.		

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	100.	Aroldis Chapman is an MLB relief pitcher who recorded the fastest pitch in a major league game, which was clocked at 105 mi per hour. What was this speed in m/s? (1 mi  1.609 km)
a.	4.69  10-2 m/s	d.	2.82  102 m/s	
b.	14.3 m/s	e.	6.08  102 m/s	
c.	46.9 m/s	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.9	
OBJ:	Apply dimensional analysis (a.k.a. unit analysis) to guide and validate calculations.
MSC:	Applying

	101.	A temperature of 78F was recorded yesterday. The forecasted high for today is predicted to be above this temperature. Which of the following could be the expected high temperature?
a.	21C	d.	273 K	
b.	24C	e.	290 K	
c.	29C	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	102.	What is the temperature in C of a reaction mixture that is at 234 K?
a.	507C	d.	234C	
b.	39C	e.	507C	
c.	39C	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	103.	Room temperature is often taken to be 25C. What is this temperature in F?
a.	46F	d.	77F	
b.	45F	e.	72F	
c.	14F	

ANS:	D	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	104.	On a summer day, the temperature in Phoenix, Arizona, was recorded as 110F. What is this temperature in C?
a.	43C	d.	93C	
b.	78C	e.	29C	
c.	166C	

ANS:	A	DIF:	Easy	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	105.	Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 K. What is this temperature in °F?
a.	196F	d.	77F	
b.	321F	e.	352F	
c.	256F	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	106.	At what temperature do the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales read the same?
a.	40	
b.	 40	
c.	11.4	
d.	11.4	
e.	There is no temperature at which the two scales read the same.	

ANS:	B	DIF:	Difficult	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying

	107.	Which temperature is below 300 K?
a.	28C	d.	85F	
b.	30C	e.	All the temperatures are below 300 K.	
c.	75F	

ANS:	C	DIF:	Medium	REF:	1.11	
OBJ:	Convert between temperature scales: Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit.
MSC:	Applying